Dazzle camouflage was a form of disruptive coloration painted on ships during World War I, using bold contrasting shapes that had no relation to the forms of the ship.
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The idea was not so much to make the ship disappear as it was confuse the observer about the vessel's shape, range, and heading.
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| Norman Wilkinson, "HMS Malaya" oil
Some Cubists, notably Picasso, claimed to have invented dazzle, but it was credited to Norman Wilkinson, who was both an artist and a lieutenant commander in the Royal Navy.
He promoted the idea that ships' paint schemes should be designed "not for low visibility, but in such a way as to break up her form and thus confuse a submarine officer as to the course on which she was heading."
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The paint strategy was used not only on military ships but also on merchant ships and passenger liners. It gradually fell out of favor after the First World War.
Dazzle schemes were not just black and white, but often used bright colors as well.
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| Arthur Lismer, RMS Olympic in Dazzle at Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1919 |
Other artists painted pictures of these ships in harbor, giving their canvases an automatic modern look.
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| Edward Wadsworth, Dazzle-ships in Drydock at Liverpool, 1919 |
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Wikipedia: Dazzle Camouflage
Related post: Disruptive coloration
This kind of camouflage was also very sucessful in confusing the optical rangefinders of the enemy ships.
ReplyDeleteOptical rangefinders work in the same way the pre-autofocus lenses work. The officer in charge looked through the lens and tried to set together the two parts of the ship's image. But with these strange patterns it was very difficult.
So, with WW II and the wide use of Radar this beautiful camouflage run obsolete.
Neat post. The decommissioned battleship North Carolina on display in Wilmington, NC is painted with a similar disruptive scheme, in shades of blue and gray. http://www.battleshipnc.com/
ReplyDeleteI never knew this. So cool! Form follows function, yet it leads to something that looks artistic in the first place
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